Name

  • Ōwatatsumi no Kami (大綿津見神)

  • Also commonly written as Watatsumi no Kami (綿津見神) or simply Watatsumi / Umi no Kami (海神)

Identity

Ōwatatsumi no Kami (大綿津見神, Ōwatatsumi no kami) is a major Shintō kami of the sea (umi, 海). The name Watatsumi (綿津見／海神) is often used as a generic term for the deity of the ocean, with variations depending on sources and shrines. In popular imagination, Watatsumi is frequently associated with Ryūjin (龍神), the dragon deity of water.

Mythological role

His role is that of the sovereign of the marine realm. He governs the ocean, its depths, currents, and overwhelming power. He is invoked for safe sea travel, the protection of fishermen, prosperity derived from the sea, and more broadly for the balance of aquatic forces (the sea, tides, and in some interpretations even rain).

Famous myth

The most well-known episode involving Watatsumi appears in the myth of Hoori (山幸彦, Yamasachihiko), who journeys to Watatsumi’s underwater palace, often referred to as Ryūgū-jō (竜宮城). Watatsumi welcomes him, helps resolve his conflict with his brother, and bestows sacred objects and teachings connected to the sea before sending him back to the human world. This myth highlights two major themes: the sea as an otherworld, and Watatsumi as a divine power capable of restoring order and granting protection.

Worship

Ōwatatsumi / Watatsumi is primarily worshipped at coastal shrines or shrines closely connected to maritime activities. He is commonly prayed to for:

  • safety at sea (navigation, fishing, storms);

  • prosperity in occupations related to the sea;

  • protection during journeys and crossings;

  • in some local traditions, beneficial rain and water.

Symbolism

Watatsumi symbolizes the sea in all its ambivalence: nourishing and life-giving through resources and maritime routes, yet also fearsome through storms, depth, and unpredictability. He also embodies the idea of boundary and passage: the sea separates and connects, tests humans, and demands respect. When associated with Ryūjin, the “water dragon” imagery further reinforces notions of power, sovereignty, and mastery over the elements.